Cosmologists assume that our universe , with an almost uniform distribution of matter and initial density fluctuations of one part in 100 , 000 , is a fairly typical one ( at least among those that contain observers ) 宇宙學(xué)家假設(shè),我們的宇宙是一個相當(dāng)?shù)湫偷挠钪妫哂袔缀蹙鶆虻奈镔|(zhì)分布,與十萬分之一的初始密度漲落。
In this work , oscilloscopes with high precision are used to record the time interval when shock wave passed through the porous sample . we have measured the hugoniot data of porous iron whose initial densities varies from 6 . 151 to 6 . 725 mg / m3 本文采用高精度的示波器作為時間間隔記錄儀器,測量了初始密度為6 . 151 - 6 . 725g / cm ~ 3多孔鐵的沖擊壓縮數(shù)據(jù)。
( 3 ) by using the new method put out in ( 2 ) , hugoniot data of no - porous samples of enstatite ( mg0 . 92 , fe0 . 08 ) sio3 which initial density is 3 . 273g / m3 , were reduced and the modified hugoniot data shows very small dispersivity ( 3 )用( 2 )中提出的新方法,對前人和本文的頑火輝石hugongiot實驗數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了初始孔隙度修正。結(jié)果顯示,不同研究者所得的hugongiot數(shù)據(jù)的分散性大大減小。
The stress relaxation times of hay are analyzed at different initial densities , and which are compared with the experiment results of the stress relaxation regulation of hay compressed in high density 摘要分析了牧草在不同初始密度下的應(yīng)力松弛時間,針對牧草在高密度壓捆過程中應(yīng)力松弛規(guī)律,提出了根據(jù)牧草第1應(yīng)力松弛時間確定高密度壓捆機壓縮頻率,為合理選擇高密度壓捆機的壓縮頻率提供了一種新方法。
A new material parameter , where is density and subscript 0 and 00 represent different initial density , and ph and ph represent hugoniot pressure of 0 and 00 which compressed to the same density , was find out to keep in constant along hugoniot 特別對巖石材料,很難獲得初始密度完全一致的實驗樣品,使這一問題更加突出。因此,對不同初始密度樣品的hugoniot數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)一進(jìn)行分析修正(比如都修正到密實密度之下) ,對hugoniot數(shù)據(jù)的進(jìn)一步分析是十分必要的。
( 2 ) because of different initial density of samples were always used in shock wave experimental measurement by different researchers , the hugoniot data always shows contradiction sometimes . this is inconvenience for the advanced analysis and application of hugoniot data . so , it is very necessary and important to modify the hugoniot data for porosity ( 2 )在hugoniot線的實驗測量中,由于客觀條件的限制,不同的人所使用的樣品的初始密度不同,這使所得的hugoniot數(shù)據(jù)的分散性較大,也給hugoniot數(shù)據(jù)的分析、應(yīng)用帶來很大不便,甚至存在一些疑問,這就影響到數(shù)據(jù)的物理解釋。
The main work and achierement are as following : ( 1 ) by using shock impedance matching technique and electric probe method , 5 shots of impact experiments were conducted to measure the hugoniot equation of state for enstatite ( mg0 . 92 , fe0 . 08 ) sio3 with the average initial density 3 . 05g / m3 from shock pressure 50 gpa to 115gpa , using two stage light gas gun 本文研究取得的認(rèn)識主要有以下幾點: ( 1 )用阻抗匹配法和電探針技術(shù)在80 115gpa壓力范圍內(nèi)對平均初始密度為3 . 05g / cm ~ 3的頑火輝石樣品進(jìn)行了5發(fā)hugoniot狀態(tài)實驗測量。
Second , we introduce a two - lane traffic model which is based on the ( 0 , 2 ) and ( 0 , 1 , 2 ) models . we mainly study the coupling effect of lanes . in two - lane traffic , vehicles can change lanes and overpass . the interactin between lanes is considered as coupling effect . the computer simulation indicate that ( dthe current of the system with cupling is greater than that without coupling ; 0for a certain initial density , the average flow and speed are indepent on the coupling coefficient which is greater than zero ; when the initial densities ( speeds ) of lanes are different , the characters of traffic system will be different 在單車道模型的基礎(chǔ)上,建立v _ ( max ) = 2雙車道模型,研究車道的耦合效應(yīng)。雙車道模型中車輛可以進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)道、超車,兩道之間有耦合作用。模擬結(jié)果說明,有耦合時系統(tǒng)的流量比沒有耦合時大;在固定的初密度條件下,只要耦合系數(shù)b 0 ,兩道間的耦合強弱對流量和速度無影響;兩道初密度分布不均勻和速度分布不均勻都能使交通系統(tǒng)特性發(fā)生變化。
Sixteen sup - processed from 110k to 300k were found . the range of trap energy is from 0 . 19ev to 0 . 34ev . the maximum of the initial density distribution of the carrier in the traps locates 0 . 23ev , and the curve deviated from guass type 本文采用一種tl曲線的自動分解技術(shù),對硅橡膠輻照老化tl曲線進(jìn)行了自動分峰,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)在110k ~ 300k的溫度范圍內(nèi)有16個子過程,其陷阱活化能變化范圍為0 . 19 ~ 0 . 34ev ,被陷阱俘獲載流子初始濃度的分布在0 . 23ev處具有極大值,且呈偏離高斯型的分布。
Based on these models , a main - road traffic flow model with two speeds on one dimension is designed . this model simulate the situation of one road in the city , traffic lights placed on the crossing , using the computer simulation , firstly , in the case of synchronized traffic lights , we investigated the velocity and flow of the model when the initial density , the turning probabilities , the number of the traffic lights , the green to signal ratio and the period of the signal are changed , then we have advanced some meliorate measure to traffic flow ; secondly , in the case of the traffic lights " signal update delay in turn , we found the optimal matching between the period of the signal and the delay time of the traffic lights so as to the perfect velocity and the flow of the model are attained 在此基礎(chǔ)上,建立了一維二速主干道模型,該模型模擬了城市交通中一條主干道的交通情況,在交叉口處設(shè)置紅綠燈,通過計算機模擬,首先,在交通燈信號同步更新的條件下,研究模型在改變車輛的初始密度、轉(zhuǎn)向概率、交通燈個數(shù)、紅綠燈信號的綠信比、紅綠燈信號周期等各種情況下主干道的速度、流量的變化,根據(jù)模擬結(jié)果提出一些改善交通的有效措施;其次,在交通燈信號依次延遲更新的條件下,研究模型在參數(shù)道路長、紅綠燈綠信比、交通燈個數(shù)、車輛的初始密度給定的情況下找到紅綠燈信號周期和延遲時間的最佳匹配使得主干道的速度、流量達(dá)到最理想的值。